Describe about TOEFL

       Test of Home abbreviated as a Foreign Language TOEFL is a test of English language proficiency (an American accent) who is required to register go to college (college) or university in the United States or other countries in the world. This exam is required for applicants whose native language or the speaker is not English. TOEFL exam is organized by the office of ETS (Educational Testing Service) in the United States to test all participants throughout the world.

        Type the TOEFL English test is generally required for college entrance requirements in almost all universities in the United States and Canada for both undergraduate program (S-1) or graduate (S-2 or S-3). TOEFL test results are also used as a material consideration of English language proficiency of prospective students who apply to universities in other countries, including universities in Europe and Australia. In general, the TOEFL test is more oriented to American Home, and a few different types of IELTS oriented to the British Home. Unlike the IELTS test, TOEFL test is in general not have the individual parts of the interview test.

Usually, this test takes about three hours and held in 4 sections, namely sections:

1. Listening comprehension,
2. Grammatical structure and written expression,
3. Reading comprehension, and parts
4. Writing.

      The value ranging from exam results TOEFL: 310 (minimum) to 677 (maximum value) for the version of the PBT (paper-based test). Since 1998, the TOEFL test is conducted online using a computer (Computer-based Testing / CBT), and since 2005 called the IBT (Internet-based Test). In places that have not been able to carry out CBT or IBT (since there are no computer facilities and internet networks), the TOEFL test is still conducted manually using paper and pencil (paper-based test or PBT). More information about CBT tests and paper-based TOEFL relating to registration, venue, cost, and test preparation materials can be viewed on the official website of the TOEFL, http://www.toefl.org (CBT version of the TOEFL exam results have value ranges from 0 to 300, while the value for the IBT is from 0 to 120).

       Lately organizers also held a kind of TOEFL test TWE (Test of Written Home), which results in value is separate from the TOEFL test scores. This test takes 30 minutes, and participants will be asked to write a short essay that describes the ability of participants to express and translate an idea or ideas, and supporting the idea with the examples found in daily life using the English language standard. Another type of test is TSEP TOEFL (Test of Spoken Home Program) which is similar to the individual interviews on the IELTS test. They are usually used if we want to register as a teaching assistant or laboratory assistant (as one way to offset the cost of tuition) in universias in the U.S. (or other countries.) Form tests conducted orally and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. Implementation time and the deadline for registration together with other TOEFL tests, and costs approximately U.S. $ 100.

       Structure of the TOEFL test includes a test of knowledge, skills and mastery of English with the questions that break it requires a deep understanding so that, for example, one grain of matter will cover a fairly broad sense.
My brother, Dick, ... has just Bought a Cadillac.

(A) works in Birmingham,
(B) WHO works in a private bank,
(C) is working in Melbourne,
(D) is now in London,

Item about the above, for example, will be answered quickly and accurately by someone who understands the predicate sentence, apositif, relative clause, and tenses. The allocation of time for commencing work on the TOEFL is very short - usually one test structure consists of fifty multiple choice questions that must be completed within fifty five minutes. Therefore, understanding person who will take the TOEFL on the English language as a whole and in detail is needed in taking the TOEFL for he was convinced that the answer to the points about going right in a relatively short time. Comparison between the number of grains of questions and the time available is also demanding a separate tips for achieving a high score.

        TOEFL will be the same for everyone, regardless of age category, academic level, or level of difficulty questions. Institution user will determine the results of TOEFL or require only a minimum score. To be able to solve problems in both the TOEFL, is necessary for each participant to equip themselves with good preparation. One way is with a lot to learn from books about the TOEFL. Complete Success Book TOEFL (Structure) Martinus Surawan this work including the one that presents many examples about the TOEFL and the steps of completion. Scope of the material in it is so thorough and complete, including necessary tips in a test. Therefore, it is the right step to make Indonesia Tera books published this as a weapon for successfully completing the TOEFL.

         More than 7,500 schools, universities and institutions in over 130 countries rely on TOEFL test scores to help make admissions decisions. he TOEFL test to help prove that you have the English skills you will actually be used in an academic classroom. In this test, you can read sections of textbooks and listen to lectures and then speak or write in response, just like you would in a classroom. Because this test consists of 100% of academic questions and tasks, many universities consider the most appropriate test to use when making admissions decisions. Sure, you can take the test with interview Talking, but what if your interviewer has a bad day and your level is lower than you deserve? With the TOEFL test, no doubt you score more objective and reliable, because the response Talking recorded and evaluated by assessors 3-6 ETS is not only an appraisal of local testing sites. TOEFL test scores to help you stand out because of the TOEFL test reputation for quality, fairness and academic composition of 100%. This is a test of English-language most widely accepted in the world, including more than 7,500 colleges, universities, agencies and other institutions in 130 countries. And the list that includes 100 best universities in the world.

TOEFL Internet-based Test (TOEFL iBT)

The TOEFL Internet-based Test (TOEFL iBT) evaluates all four language skills that are essential for effective communication: reading, listening, speaking (new!), and writing:

· Reading - measures the ability to understand academic reading matter. Consists of 3 to 5 academic reading passages followed by comprehension questions.

· Listening - measures the ability to understand English as it is used in colleges and universities. Consists of 4 to 6 lectures, which include classroom dialogue, and 2 to 3 conversations that include two or more speakers in each.

· Speaking - measures the ability to speak English. Consists of 6 open-ended speaking questions, which require test takers to speak into a microphone. Responses are recorded and scored by human graders.

· Writing - measures the ability to write in a way that is appropriate for college and university course work. The TOEFL iBT contains an added 20-minute essay along with the current 30-minute essay.

TOEFL iBT is scored differently form the computer-based test:

Section Time Limit No. of Questions Score Reading 60-100 min 36-70 - > 3-5 passages, 12-14 questions each 0-30 Listening 60-90 min 34-51 - > 4-6 lectures, 6 questions each, 2-3 conversations, 5 questions each 0-30 Break  10 minutes - Speaking 20 min 6 tasks - > 2 independent and 4 integrated 0-30 Writing 50 min 2 tasks – one integrated task – one independent essay 0-30 Total Score (The total score is the sum of the four skill scores.) 0-120

Notes about TOEFL iBT:

TOEFL iBT is approximately 4 hours long. Each section of the test has a time limit.

• The Reading section has new questions that ask test takers to categorize information and fill in a chart or complete a summary.
• There is no longer a Structure section. Grammar is tested on questions and tasks in each section.
• Lectures and conversations in the Listening section are longer, but note-taking is allowed. In fact, note-taking is allowed throughout the entire test to help test takers answer the questions.
• The TOEFL iBT integrated approach requires that the students be proficient in note taking.
• The speech in the listening material sounds more natural, and one lecture per test is spoken with a British or Australian accent. There are also new multiple-choice questions that measure understanding of a speaker's attitude, degree of certainty, and purpose.
• The Speaking section is new, and includes both integrated and independent tasks.
• Integrated task are questions that require use of more than one skill at a time:
• – read, listen, then speak in response to a question
• – listen, then speak in response to a question
• – read, listen, then write in response to a question
• The new Speaking section evaluates a person's ability to use spoken English, and the new integrated Writing and Speaking tasks measure the ability to combine information from more than one source and communicate about it.
• TOEFL iBT scores are reported online. You can view your score 15 business days after the test. You will also receive a copy of your score report by mail. The test scores are valid for two years, i.e., most universities accept scores up to two years old.

Paper-based Test

The TOEFL® paper-based Test (PBT) is available in limited areas. Scores are valid for two years after the test date, and test takers can have their scores sent to institutions or agencies during that time.

1.     Listening (30 – 40 minutes)
The Listening section consists of 3 parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks.
2.     Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)
The Structure and Written Expression section has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors.
  3.     Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)
The Reading Comprehension sections has 50 questions about reading passages.
  4.     Writing (30 minutes)
The TOEFL PBT administrations include a writing test called the Test of Written English (TWE). This is one essay question with 250–300 words in average

       TOEFL ITP

·         TOEFL ITP ("ITP" stands for "Institutional Testing Program") tests are paper-based and use academic content to evaluate the English-language proficiency of non-native English speakers. The tests use new and previously administered TOEFL test questions and are used for placement, progress, evaluation, exit testing and other situations. The test scores, format and content of the test matches the "TOEFL PBT", with the exception of not including the TWE (Test of Written Expression).

·         Unlike the TOEFL iBT and PBT tests, TOEFL ITP tests are administered by the institution and for internal use. It should not replace the need for the TOEFL iBT test, which is administered securely and includes Speaking and Writing components. There are two levels of TOEFL ITP: Level 1 (intermediate to advanced) and Level 2 (high beginning to intermediate).TOEFL ITP scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement.

TOEFL Junior Tests

·         ETS also offers the TOEFL Junior tests, a general assessment of middle school-level English-language proficiency. It is intended for students aged 11+.The tests are administered in two formats: TOEFL Junior Standard (on paper) andTOEFL Junior Comprehensive (via computer). The TOEFL Junior Standard test has three sections: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension and Language Form and Meaning. The TOEFL Junior Comprehensive test has four: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Speaking and Writing. TOEFL Junior scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement.

Sumber :

http://faozun.blogspot.co.id/2011/03/history-articles-toefl.html

http://studyenglishtoday.net/TOEFL-Internet-based-Test.html

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